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His Last Sermon
O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year
I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I am saying
very carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here
today.
O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as Sacred, so
regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the
goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no
one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that
he will indeed reckon your deeds. Allah has forbidden you to take usury
(interest), therefore all interest obligations shall henceforth be waived.
Your capital is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any
inequity. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all
the interest due to Abbas ibn 'Abd'al Muttalib (the Prophet's uncle) be
waived.
Every right arising out of homicide in pre-islamic days is henceforth
waived and the first such right that i waive is that arising from the
murder of Rabiah ibn al Harithibn.
O People, the unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calender in order
to make permissible that which Allah forbade, and to forbid that which
Allah has made permissible. With Allah the months are twelve in number.
Four of them are holy, three of these are successive and one occurs singly
between the months of Jumada and Shaban.
Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope of
that he will be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of
following him in small things.
O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your
women but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken
them as your wives only under Allah's trust and with His permission. If
they abide by your right, then to them belongs the right to be fed and
clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they
are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do
not make friends with anyone of whom you do not approve, as well as never
to be unchaste. O People, listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your
five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadhan, and give your
wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.
All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a
non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has
no superiority over a black nor a black has any superiority over a white -
except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to
every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing
shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belogs to a fellow Muslim unless it
was given freely and willingly. Do not therefore do injustice to
yourselves. Remember one day you will meet Allah and answer your deeds. So
beware: do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.
O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will
be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words which I
convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Qur'an and my Sunnah and
if you follow these you will never go astray.
All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to
others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those
who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed
Your message to Your people.
This sermon was delivered on the Ninth Day of Dhul-Hijjah 10 A.H. in
the 'Uranah valley of Mount Arafat' in Mecca.
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